Provenance
Probably Kurfürst Karl Albrecht [1697-1745], Munich, by 1742.[1] (Kurfürstliche Galerie, Munich);[2] Alte Pinakothek, Munich, by the mid-eighteenth century; deaccessioned in 1927;[3] sold to (Galerie van Diemen, New York and Berlin);[4] William R. Timken [1866-1949], New York; by inheritance to his wife, Lillian S. Guyer Timken [1881-1959], New York; bequest 1960 to NGA.
[1] On the back of the painting are two wax seals that were detached from the original panel when it was cradled and then reapplied. According to Dr. Susan Neuburger (letter, 6 November 1981, in NGA curatorial files), one of these seals is that of Kurfürst Karl Albrecht, and this seal was used until 1742. The other seal may also be that of Karl Albrecht, or alternatively of Kurfürst Maximillian II Emmanuel (1662–1726).
[2] Franz von Reber, _Katalog der Gemälde-sammlung der kgl. Älteren Pinakothek in München_, Munich, 1884: 86, no. 399 (also reprint, 1904: 93, no. 399).
[3] Dr. Susan Neuburger (letter, 6 November 1981, in NGA curatorial files) wrote that a painting by Dou that appeared in an auction in Amsterdam in 1779 (May 19, no. 49; a sale by Van der Schley, De Winter, Hosteyn, and Yver for a “Mr. V…”), traditionally thought to be The Hermit, was another work, as the NGA painting must have already been owned by the Alte Pinakothek. She also provided the information about the deaccession and sale of the painting.
[4] In 1935 the Berlin branches of van Diemen and its affiliated galleries were liquidated by order of the Nazis, with sales organized by Graupe on January 25 and April 26. This painting was not in either of those sales, and thus had been sold from the Berlin branch or sent to the New York branch before 1935.
Accession Number
1960.6.8
Medium
oil on oak panel
Dimensions
overall: 46 x 34.5 cm (18 1/8 x 13 9/16 in.) | framed: 60.3 x 50.1 cm (23 3/4 x 19 3/4 in.)
Classification
Painting
Credit Line
Timken Collection
Tags
Painting Baroque (1600–1750) Oil Painting Panel Painting Dutch
Background & Context
Background Story
Gerrit Dou (1613-1675) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, Rembrandt's first pupil, known for the meticulous detail and smooth finish of his genre scenes that make him the founder of the fijnschilders (fine painters) of Leiden. The Hermit from 1670 depicts a hermit in meditation in the meticulous, smooth manner that distinguishes Dou's best work. The hermit subject allowed Dou to exercise his talent for depicting old age, texture, and light in the small format that he preferred, and the 1670 date places this in Dou's late period, when he was producing the meticulously detailed genre scenes that were his most accomplished works.
Cultural Impact
The Hermit is important in the history of Dutch painting because it demonstrates the fijnschilder manner that Dou founded and that would influence the Leiden school throughout the 17th century. Dou's meticulous detail and smooth finish represent an alternative to Rembrandt's more painterly manner, and the 1670 hermit shows the fijnschilder manner at its most accomplished—every detail of the hermit's face, clothing, and cell rendered with the precision that made Dou the most famous painter in Leiden.
Why It Matters
The Hermit is Dou's fijnschilder precision at its most accomplished: a hermit in meditation rendered with the meticulous detail and smooth finish that distinguish the Leiden fine painters from Rembrandt's more painterly manner. The 1670 painting is the fijnschilder manner at its most detailed, every texture precisely rendered.