Brittany Landscape

Provenance

Claude Émile Schuffenecker [1851-1934], Paris. [1] (Galerie Joseph Allard, Paris); sold 4 June 1926 to Chester Dale [1883-1962], New York; bequest 1963 to NGA.[2] [1] Claude Emile Schuffenecker was a friend and early collector of Gauguin. Due to his divorce that was finalized in 1904, he sold his collection of over 100 works by Gauguin, van Gogh, and others to his brother Amédée in the hopes that the collection would remain in tact. Amédée, however, was just starting out as a dealer and sold many of the works. (See Sophie Monneret, _Impressionnisme et son époque_, Paris, 1978: 2:333 and _Claude-Emile Schuffenecker_, Exh. cat., University Art Gallery, State University of New York at Binghamton and Hammer Galleries, 1980: 29). This picture is likely among those that passed between the brothers. In 1908 it was exhibited at the Kunstsalon W. Zimmermann in Munich, probably for sale; Amédée often sold through the German art market. [2] Date and source of Chester Dale's acquisition according to his papers in NGA curatorial records.

Brittany Landscape

Gauguin, Paul

1888

Accession Number

1963.10.148

Medium

oil on canvas

Dimensions

overall: 71.1 x 89.5 cm (28 x 35 1/4 in.) | framed: 91.4 x 115.6 cm (36 x 45 1/2 in.)

Classification

Painting

Museum

National Gallery of Art

Washington, D.C., United States

Credit Line

Chester Dale Collection

Tags

Painting Impressionist & Modern (1851–1900) Oil Painting Canvas French

Background & Context

Background Story

Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) painted Brittany Landscape in 1888 during one of his stays in Pont-Aven, the Breton village that was the center of a thriving artists' colony. The 1888 date places this in the crucial year when Gauguin was developing the style that would lead to Synthetism—the theory that painting should synthesize the appearance of the subject, the artist's feelings about it, and the formal properties of color and line rather than simply imitating nature. The Brittany landscape, with its rolling fields, stone walls, and Breton peasant life, provided the subject matter for this stylistic development.

Cultural Impact

Gauguin's Brittany landscapes are among the most important works in the development of Post-Impressionism because they show the artist moving from Impressionist naturalism toward the Synthetist style that would define his later work. Brittany Landscape from 1888 is a key document in this transition: the landscape is recognizable but simplified, the colors are beginning to detach from natural appearance, and the composition is organized by flat planes of color rather than by atmospheric perspective.

Why It Matters

Brittany Landscape is Gauguin in transition from Impressionism to Synthetism: the Brittany fields recognizable but simplified, the colors beginning to detach from natural appearance, the composition organized by flat planes rather than atmospheric depth. The 1888 date makes this a key document in the development of Post-Impressionism—the moment when Gauguin stopped imitating nature and started synthesizing it.