Pharaoh's Army Marching

Provenance

Recorded as from Massachusetts. Purchased in 1949 by Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch; gift to NGA, 1978.

Pharaoh's Army Marching

Field, Erastus Salisbury

c. 1865/1880

Accession Number

1978.80.4

Medium

oil on canvas

Dimensions

overall: 89 x 116.8 cm (35 1/16 x 46 in.)

Classification

Painting

Museum

National Gallery of Art

Washington, D.C., United States

Credit Line

Gift of Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch

Tags

Painting Impressionist & Modern (1851–1900) Oil Painting Canvas American

Background & Context

Background Story

Pharaoh's Army Marching depicts the Egyptian army in pursuit of the fleeing Israelites, one of the most dramatic episodes in the Exodus narrative. Field's treatment organizes the army as a decorative pattern of soldiers, chariots, and horses arranged in a frieze-like composition that emphasizes the visual rhythm of the military procession rather than the spatial depth of the battlefield. The flat, patterned approach gives the army the quality of a processional relief—the Egyptian military rendered with the decorative precision of a medieval tapestry rather than the tactical realism of a history painting.

Cultural Impact

Field's Pharaoh's Army Marching is a folk-art alternative to the academic tradition of military painting. Where academic painters rendered armies with spatial depth, atmospheric perspective, and tactical realism, Field renders Pharaoh's army as a decorative procession—a pattern of soldiers and chariots that emphasizes the visual rhythm of military power rather than its tactical deployment. The result is a military painting that feels both archaic and modern.

Why It Matters

Pharaoh's Army Marching is Field's folk-art military painting at its most decorative: the Egyptian army arranged in a frieze-like procession that emphasizes visual rhythm over tactical realism. The result is a military image that feels like a medieval tapestry—flat, patterned, and directly narrative, with no academic pretensions to spatial depth.