The Alchemist

Provenance

Cornelis Backer, Amsterdam;[1] (his sale, Zoeterwoude, 16 August, 1775, no. 13);[2] (Abraham Delfos, Leiden); Jonkheer Menno Baron van Coehoorn [d. 1800], The Hague; (his estate sale, Phillipus van der Schley, Amsterdam, 19 October 1801 and days following, no. 6);[3] Louis-Bernard Coders [1741-1817], Amsterdam and Liege; (sale, Maison des Divisions, Paris, 25 January 1802 and days following, no. 16);[4] (Alexandre-Joseph Paillet, Paris); (sale, Maison des Divisions, Paris, 18 April 1803 and days following, no. 28);[5] (Bon-Thomas Henry, Paris). Louis-Chrétien Lorch, Paris; (his sale, Maison des Divisions, Paris, 19 November 1804 and days following, no. 13);[6] (Nodin, Paris); M. Gabory, Rouen; (his estate sale, Hôtel de Bullion, Paris, 15-16 April 1822, no. 5).[7] private collection, England, 1938. Marchese San Pieri Talon, Bologna; (his sale, Franco Semenzato, Venice, 2 June 1985, no. 13);[8] (French & Co., New York); sold October 1985 to Robert H. [1928-2009] and Clarice C. Smith, Bethesda; sold November 1989 to (French & Co., New York);[9] (Bob P. Haboldt & Co., New York), by 1990;[10] purchased 1992 by Mr. and Mrs. Martin Wunsch, New York; gift 2013 to NGA. [1] The provenance is based on Peter van den Brink et al., _Cornelis Bega: Eleganz und raue Sitten_, exh. cat., Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum, Aachen; Staatliche Museen zu Berlin – Gemäldegalerie, Aachen and Stuttgart, 2012: 283, no. 69, where the association of the NGA painting with the paintings described in the various sale catalogues is deemed to be probable. [2] The description and size of the painting given in the sale catalogue correspond extremely well to the NGA painting. The measurements, given in Rheinische feet as “hoog 13 ½ breed 11 ½ duim,” are equivalent to 35.3 x 30 cm. The NGA painting is 35 x 28.6 cm. [3] The painting is listed in the sale catalogue as being on panel, indicating that the canvas support had been mounted on board by this time. The dimensions given are the same as those in the 1775 sale catalogue. [4] The measurements given in the sale catalogue in French feet equate to 43.3 x 35.2 cm. These are larger than those of the NGA painting, but perhaps they include the frame. [5] The measurements given in the sale catalogue are 34 x 28 cm. [6] The measurements given in the sale catalogue are 34 x 20 cm, but the second measurement is probably an error and should have been 28 or 29 cm. [7] The measurements given in the sale catalogue in French feet are “L. 13 p., H. 9 p.” These equate to 35.1 x 24.3 cm. [8] In the catalogue for the last of the sales in which the painting appeared, the measurements are given as 35.5 x 29 cm. [9] The details of ownership by the Smiths are in their collection records; copies are in NGA curatorial files. [10] In March 1990 the painting was with Haboldt at TEFAF (The European Fine Art Fair) in Maastricht, The Netherlands.

The Alchemist

Bega, Cornelis

1663

Accession Number

2013.34.1

Medium

oil on canvas mounted on panel

Dimensions

overall: 35 × 28.6 cm (13 3/4 × 11 1/4 in.)

Classification

Painting

Museum

National Gallery of Art

Washington, D.C., United States

Credit Line

From the Collection of Ethel and Martin Wunsch

Tags

Painting Baroque (1600–1750) Oil Painting Panel Painting Canvas Dutch

Background & Context

Background Story

Cornelis Bega (1631/32-1664) was a Dutch painter known for the precisely observed genre scenes of everyday life that make him one of the most important genre painters of the Dutch Golden Age, particularly known for his depictions of alchemists, scholars, and peasants. The Alchemist from 1663 depicts an alchemist in his study in the precisely observed, atmospheric manner that distinguishes Bega's best genre scenes from the more brightly lit work of his contemporaries. The 1663 date places this in Bega's most productive period, before his premature death the following year, and the alchemist subject shows his talent for depicting the scholarly pursuits of everyday Dutch life.

Cultural Impact

The Alchemist is important in the history of Dutch genre painting because it demonstrates the precisely observed, atmospheric manner that Bega brought to genre subjects as one of the most important genre painters of the Dutch Golden Age. Bega's precisely observed genre scenes—depicting alchemists, scholars, and peasants with the precise observation and atmospheric lighting that are his most distinctive contributions—represent one of the most accomplished traditions in Dutch genre painting, and the 1663 painting shows this tradition at its most atmospheric.

Why It Matters

The Alchemist is Bega's atmospheric Dutch genre: an alchemist in his study rendered in the precisely observed manner of one of the most important genre painters of the Dutch Golden Age. The 1663 painting shows the combination of precise observation with atmospheric lighting that makes Bega's depictions of scholarly life so accomplished.