No

No

Robert Morris

1961

Accession Number

183473

Medium

Graphite with incisions on brown wove card with black fibrous inclusions

Dimensions

30.5 × 20.4 cm (12 1/16 × 8 1/16 in.)

Classification

graphite

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

Gift of the Irving Stenn Jr. Drawings Collection in memory of Marcia Stenn

Background & Context

Background Story

"No" is a 1961 graphite drawing with incisions by Robert Morris that captures the American Minimalist in his most direct and confrontational mode, the image consisting of the single word "No" rendered in graphite on brown wove card with incisions that suggest both the violence of negation and the physicality of the artistic process. The composition is a small, intimate work—30.5 × 20.4 centimeters—the scale suggesting both the modesty of the statement and the absolute nature of the refusal, the word "No" becoming a declaration of artistic independence and a rejection of the prevailing conventions of Abstract Expressionism. The brown wove card with black fibrous inclusions provides a warm, earthy ground that makes the graphite marks appear substantial and deliberate, the physical texture of the paper suggesting both the material reality of the object and the emotional weight of the negation. The 1961 date places this work in the period of Morris's first major statements as a Minimalist, when he was producing the drawings and sculptures that established his reputation as the leading theorist and practitioner of the movement. Art historians have connected this drawing to the broader tradition of the negation in modern art, from the anti-art of Duchamp to the zero-degree paintings of the Italian avant-garde, noting that Morris's treatment is more focused on the physical act of refusal, the material embodiment of negation, than the conceptual or the ironic approaches of these other traditions.

Cultural Impact

This 1961 graphite drawing made Minimalist refusal materially absolute through intimate brown-card incised "No" and fibrous earthy substantiality, using physical negation embodiment to reject Abstract Expressionism convention beyond Duchamp conceptual irony.

Why It Matters

It matters because Morris wrote "No" on paper and made the word feel like it was carved in stone—proving that even a single syllable could be a revolution if the incision was deep enough.