Reclining Woman

Description

Fernand Léger first saw the work of the Cubists Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso at the Paris gallery of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler. Around 1909 Léger began to experiment with geometric shapes, complementary colors, and strong outlines, although his paintings remained largely nonrepresentational until after World War I. His involvement in the war had a profound impact on his work. In the years following, he introduced volumetric forms that resembled pistons and pipes into his compositions, joining others in the Parisian vanguard in charting a more sober, conservative course that placed renewed emphasis on objective observation. Substituting hard metallic tubes for pliant flesh and flat patterned disks for soft and dense pillows, the artist updated the classical figure of the odalisque (a female slave or concubine often pictured in the history of art as a reclining nude) with his particular blend of Cubism and machine aesthetics. Reclining Woman demonstrates Léger’s interest in producing “everyday poetic images”: paintings in which the manufactured object is the “principal personage,” shown as precisely as possible to reveal an absolute sculptural value rather than sentimental associations. This work exemplifies the Purist style, a kind of industrial classicism that focused on utilitarian objects. Léger hoped that through such paintings, art would become accessible to the whole of modern society rather than to just a privileged few.

Provenance

Galerie Simon, Paris [this and the following according to Chicago 2000]. Gimpel and Hanover. Anne Rotzler, Switzerland. Nathan Cummings (1896–1985), Chicago, by 1965–at least 1971 [Minneapolis 1965; Washington D.C. 1971]. Beadleston Fine Art, Inc., New York, by 1979 [The Art Quarterly 1979]. Galerie Louise Leiris, Paris, 1981. Private collection, United States. Daniel Varenne, Geneva, by 1985 [this and the following according to email from Francesca Volpe, Galerie Beyeler, to Diane Miliotes, Dec. 14, 2007, copy in curatorial file]; Galerie Beyeler, Basel, 1985; Riklis Collection, New York, probably through Anne Rotzler, 1986. Consolidated Foods Corporation (The Sara Lee Corporation); given to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1999.

Reclining Woman

Fernand Léger

1922

Accession Number

153701

Medium

Oil on canvas

Dimensions

64.5 × 92 cm (25 1/2 × 36 1/4 in.)

Classification

oil on canvas

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

A Millennium Gift of Sara Lee Corporation

Background & Context

Background Story

Fernand Léger's "Reclining Woman" (1922) is an oil on canvas that applies Léger's machine-age aesthetic to the most traditional subject in Western art: the female nude. The reclining woman, a subject that stretches from Giorgione's "Sleeping Venus" through Titian, Velázquez, Goya, Manet, and beyond, is here reimagined through the lens of modern industrial form. The woman's body is reduced to geometric components: the curves of the torso become cylinders, the limbs become tubes, the head becomes an oval. The palette is bold and clear, with flat areas of color defining the forms. The background is likely composed of abstract geometric elements that echo and complement the forms of the figure. This painting is both a celebration of the female form and a demonstration of Léger's belief that the visual language of the machine age could revitalize every subject. The title "Reclining Woman" announces the traditional subject, but the treatment is radically modern. This painting belongs to the period when Léger was consolidating his reputation as one of the leading avant-garde artists in Paris.

Cultural Impact

Léger's mechanized figures were among the most radical representations of the human body in 20th-century art, proposing a vision of the human form integrated with the forms of the modern industrial world.

Why It Matters

This reclining nude transforms the most traditional subject in art through the vocabulary of the machine age, the body reduced to cylinders and geometric forms that celebrate both the human figure and the beauty of modern design.