Figure 4

Description

Once asked about his use of numerals as subjects for painting, Johns replied, “They seemed to me preformed,
conventional, depersonalized, factual, exterior elements.” That is, they freed Johns from any obligation to construct a pictorial narrative or express his interior life. Despite the ease with which we recognize the number 4, Johns plays with its meaning in the title: the word figure winks at the tradition of “figural” (or representational) painting, and the number 4 sounds like the word for, leaving the title entirely open-ended, like an unfinished sentence. Meanwhile the monumental 4 of the painting itself is almost lost amid the lively patchwork of brushstrokes.

Figure 4

Jasper Johns

1959

Accession Number

229352

Medium

Encaustic and newspaper on canvas

Dimensions

51.4 × 39.4 cm (20 1/4 × 15 1/2 in.)

Classification

Painting

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

Gift of Edlis Neeson Collection

Background & Context

Background Story

An encaustic and newspaper painting by Johns depicting the numeral 4, embedding collage elements within wax paint to create an oscillation between reading the number and seeing the painted surface that defined his transformative role between Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art.

Cultural Impact

Johns number paintings are among the most influential works of American postwar art, demonstrating that subject matter could be found in the most familiar elements of visual culture. Figure 4 opened the way for Pop Art, Minimalism, and Conceptual Art.

Why It Matters

Johns encaustic and newspaper painting of the numeral 4, painting things the mind already knows.