Description
This picture is an example of the so-called world landscape, a term coined by art historians to characterize a type of Northern landscape painting with a vast panorama and a narrative religious subject in the foreground. This type of landscape, popularized by the Flemish painter Joachim Patinir (about 1485-1524), was fashionable throughout the 16th century. Bles placed the group of exotically dressed figures on a piece of land overlooking a great panorama of mountains, coast, and sea. The view of the harbor city is purely imaginative, and the fanciful cliffs and mountain peaks that crowd the distance seem to disappear into a light mist. This manner of creating depth in the landscape, called the atmospheric or aerial perspective, was an invention of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). Bles was acclaimed in Italy as the Master of the Owl (il Civetta), after the bird he often put into his works. In this scene, the owl is situated on the rock in the lower-right foreground.
Provenance
Private collection, Cumberland, England;; [Herbert Bier, London], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.
Accession Number
1967.20
Medium
oil on wood
Dimensions
Framed: 43.2 x 54.9 x 6.4 cm (17 x 21 5/8 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 30.5 x 42.3 cm (12 x 16 5/8 in.)
Classification
Painting
Credit Line
Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund
Tags
Painting Renaissance (1400–1599) Oil Painting Flemish
Background & Context
Background Story
Herri met de Bles (active c. 1530-1550) was a Flemish painter known for the panoramic landscapes with religious or narrative subjects in the Mannerist tradition of Joachim Patinir, whose landscapes combine vast panoramic views with small narrative figures in a distinctive manner. Landscape with Saint John the Baptist from c. 1540 depicts the figure of Saint John the Baptist in a vast panoramic landscape in the Mannerist manner that distinguishes de Bles's best works from the more restricted compositions of his contemporaries. The c. 1540 date places this in de Bles's most productive period, when he was producing the panoramic landscape compositions that are his most accomplished works.
Cultural Impact
Landscape with Saint John the Baptist is important in the history of Flemish landscape painting because it demonstrates the panoramic manner that de Bles developed from the tradition of Joachim Patinir. De Bles's panoramic landscapes—combining vast views with small narrative figures—represent an important development in the history of landscape painting, and the c. 1540 painting shows this panoramic manner at its most accomplished.
Why It Matters
Landscape with Saint John the Baptist is de Bles's panoramic Mannerist landscape: the saint preaching in a vast panoramic view that combines landscape with narrative in the manner developed from Joachim Patinir. The c. 1540 painting shows the panoramic landscape tradition that would influence the development of landscape painting throughout Europe.