Description
Likely Vernet's first major work during his study in Rome, this landscape demonstrates his signature style. Vernet preferred and is remembered for marine subjects and water is also a central theme in this painting. Vernet became the predominant French landscape painter of the 18th century, contributing to a long French tradition. While in Rome, he absorbed the Italian tradition of dramatic, rugged landscape paintings, established by Salvador Rosa in the 1600s. This influence is reflected in Vernet's presentation of the craggy rock formations and cascades that made Tivoli, a small town twenty miles east of Rome, famous. Vernet here synthesizes this style with the calmer pastoral mode, more typical of the French landscape tradition, with its roots in the work of Claude Lorrain. Vernet generally inserted elements of humanity in his work, here evident in the touches of civilization in the background and the fishermen in the foreground. Vernet enjoyed considerable popularity, evidenced by the fact that Napoleon's brother Lucien Bonaparte held this painting as a part of his impressive collection.
Provenance
Prince Lucien Bonaparte (1775-1840), Ludlow, England (-1812); William Buchanan (By 1815); Sale: Lapeyrière, Paris, France, March 14, 1825 (March 14, 1825); Boursault, sold, Paris, May 1832, through H. Artaria to Edmund Higginson; Edmund Higginson, 1802 - 1871 (Saltmarshe Castle, England) (sold, London, June 4-6, 1846) (1832-1846); Lord Charles Vere Townshend, 1785 - 1853, upon his death, held in trust by the estate (-1853); Estate of Lord Charles Vere Townshend (sold, London, May 13, 1854); (1853-1854); Frost & Reed (London, England), sold to Siegfried Sassoon, 1949 (-1949); Siegfried Sassoon (sold, Sotheby's, London, 1984, to the Cleveland Museum of Art) (1949-1984); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1984-)
Accession Number
1984.175
Medium
oil on canvas
Dimensions
Framed: 142.5 x 192.5 x 9 cm (56 1/8 x 75 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 123.2 x 172.6 cm (48 1/2 x 67 15/16 in.)
Classification
Painting
Credit Line
Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund
Tags
Painting Baroque (1600–1750) Oil Painting Canvas French
Background & Context
Background Story
The Waterfalls at Tivoli from 1737 is an early work by Vernet, painted during his formative years in Rome when he was developing the marine painting style that would make his reputation. The falls at Tivoli (the famous cascades of the Aniene River) were one of the most painted sites in Italy, attracting artists from across Europe who were drawn to the dramatic contrast between the violent waterfall and the surrounding pastoral landscape. Vernet's treatment combines the topographic accuracy of a site painting with the atmospheric effects that would become his signature, creating a work that is simultaneously a document of a specific place and a demonstration of nature's dramatic power.
Cultural Impact
Vernet's Tivoli waterfalls are an important document in the development of his marine painting style because they show the young artist combining the topographic accuracy of the Italian view painting tradition with the atmospheric effects that would define his mature work. The 1737 date places this before his famous Ports of France commission, making it a key work in understanding how Vernet developed the style that would make him the most celebrated marine painter of the 18th century.
Why It Matters
The Waterfalls at Tivoli is young Vernet finding his style: the topographic accuracy of Italian view painting combined with the atmospheric drama that would define his mature marine painting. The 1737 date makes this a key document in the development of the 18th century's most celebrated marine painter—before the fame, but already showing the gifts.