Stacks of Wheat (Sunset, Snow Effect)

Description

The monumental stacks that Claude Monet depicted in his series Stacks of Wheat rose fifteen to twenty feet and stood just outside the artist’s farmhouse at Giverny. Through 1890 and 1891, he worked on this series both in the field, painting simultaneously at several easels, and in the studio, refining pictorial harmonies. In May 1891, Monet hung fifteen of these canvases next to each other in one small room in the Galerie Durand-Ruel in Paris. An unprecedented critical and financial success, the exhibition marked a breakthrough in Monet’s career, as well as in the history of French art. In this view, and in nearly all of the autumn views in the series, the conical tops of the stacks break the horizon and push into the sky. But in most of the winter views, which constitute the core of the series, the stacks seem wrapped by bands of hill and field, as if bedded down for the season. For Monet, the stack was a resonant symbol of sustenance and survival. He followed this group with further series depicting poplars, the facade of Rouen Cathedral, and, later, his own garden at Giverny. The Art Institute has the largest group of Monet’s Stacks of Wheat in the world.

Provenance

The artist (d. 1926); sold to Durand-Ruel, Paris, July 20, 1891, for 3,200 francs [this and the following per Durand-Ruel, Paris, stock book for 1891–1901 (no. 1075, as Meules, effet de neige, soleil couchant), as confirmed by Paul-Louis Durand-Ruel and Flavie Durand-Ruel, Durand-Ruel Archives, to the Art Institute of Chicago, Feb. 5, 2013, curatorial object file]; sold to Durand-Ruel, New York, Oct. 30, 1891; sold to Potter Palmer, Chicago, February 29, 1892, for $1,300 [per Durand-Ruel, New York, stock book for 1888–1893 (no. 847, as Meules, effet de neige, soleil couchant), as confirmed by Paul-Louis Durand-Ruel and Flavie Durand-Ruel, Durand-Ruel Archives, to the Art Institute of Chicago, Feb. 5, 2013, curatorial object file]; by descent to the Potter Family, Chicago; given to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1922.

Stacks of Wheat (Sunset, Snow Effect)

Claude Monet

1890–91

Accession Number

81545

Medium

Oil on canvas

Dimensions

65.3 × 100.4 cm (25 11/16 × 39 1/2 in.); Framed: 84.2 × 119.7 × 8.9 cm (33 1/8 × 47 1/8 × 3 1/2 in.)

Classification

oil on canvas

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

Potter Palmer Collection

Background & Context

Background Story

Claude Monet's "Stacks of Wheat (Sunset, Snow Effect)" (1890–91) is an oil on canvas from one of the most famous series in the history of art. Monet (1840–1926) painted more than twenty-five views of haystacks in the fields near his home at Giverny, capturing them at different times of day, in different seasons, and under different weather conditions. This painting shows the stacks at sunset with snow on the ground, the low winter sun casting long shadows and bathing the scene in warm, golden light that contrasts with the cool blues and purples of the snow. Monet's revolutionary insight in the Haystacks series was that a subject could be defined not by its permanent form but by the transient effects of light and atmosphere upon it. The haystacks themselves are almost incidental—they are simply a convenient, neutral form on which the changing light could inscribe its infinite variations. This painting was part of the series that Monet exhibited at Durand-Ruel's gallery in 1891, the exhibition that established him as the leading figure of Impressionism and the Haystacks as the defining statement of the Impressionist project.

Cultural Impact

Monet's Haystacks series is one of the most significant achievements in the history of art, demonstrating that the observation of changing light could be the primary subject of painting and paving the way for the abstract art of the 20th century.

Why It Matters

This sunset view of haystacks in snow captures the Impressionist project at its most ambitious: the same subject transformed by the conditions of light and atmosphere, demonstrating that reality itself is never fixed but perpetually changing.