Stack of Wheat

Description

The monumental stacks that Claude Monet depicted in his series Stacks of Wheat rose fifteen to twenty feet and stood just outside the artist’s farmhouse at Giverny. Through 1890 and 1891, he worked on this series both in the field, painting simultaneously at several easels, and in the studio, refining pictorial harmonies. In May 1891, Monet hung fifteen of these canvases next to each other in one small room in the Galerie Durand-Ruel in Paris. An unprecedented critical and financial success, the exhibition marked a breakthrough in Monet’s career, as well as in the history of French art. In this view, and in nearly all of the autumn views in the series, the conical tops of the stacks break the horizon and push into the sky. But in most of the winter views, which constitute the core of the series, the stacks seem wrapped by bands of hill and field, as if bedded down for the season. For Monet, the stack was a resonant symbol of sustenance and survival. He followed this group with further series depicting poplars, the facade of Rouen Cathedral, and, later, his own garden at Giverny. The Art Institute has the largest group of Monet’s Stacks of Wheat in the world.

Provenance

The artist (d. 1926); possibly sold to Isidore Montaignac, Paris, May 1899 [per Wildenstein 1996; the painting may have been sold as Meule, temps gris. According to Brettell 1984, the painting was acquired by Bertha Honoré Palmer, Chicago, by 1892]. Bertha Honoré Palmer (d. 1918), Chicago [per Brettell 1984]; by descent to the Palmer family; by descent to Pauline Wood (née Palmer), by Oct. 1951 [per shipping out order A647, on file in Museum Registration]. Acquavella Galleries, New York, probably 1982 [per Tiffany Johnston, Art Institute of Chicago, telephone conversation with Jean Edmonson, Acquavella Galleries, Apr. 26, 2002; see notes in curatorial file]; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1983.

Stack of Wheat

Claude Monet

1890–91

Accession Number

111318

Medium

Oil on canvas

Dimensions

65.8 × 92.3 cm (25 15/16 × 36 3/8 in.); Framed: 82.6 × 109.6 × 6.7 cm (32 1/2 × 43 1/8 × 2 5/8 in.)

Classification

oil on canvas

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

Purchased with funds provided by the Searle Family Trust; Major Acquisitions Centennial Endowment; through prior acquisitions of the Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson and Potter Palmer collections; through prior bequest of Jerome Friedman

Background & Context

Background Story

Claude Monet's "Stack of Wheat" (1890–91) is another canvas from the celebrated Haystacks series, the breakthrough body of work that established Monet's serial approach to painting. This painting shows a single stack of wheat in a field, the form monumental against the horizon. Unlike the sunset views with snow, this painting likely shows the stack in different light conditions—perhaps morning light, or the warm light of late afternoon. The haystack itself is rendered as a solid, almost sculptural form, its mass built through layers of carefully modulated color. The fields beyond are suggested with broader, looser strokes. The sky occupies the upper portion of the canvas, its colors and cloud formations contributing to the overall atmospheric effect. The Haystacks series was a revelation when it was exhibited in 1891, demonstrating that a painter could devote an entire exhibition to variations on a single subject, each painting unique in its capture of a specific moment of light. The series made Monet famous and financially secure, and it established the serial approach that would define his later career, culminating in the Water Lilies.

Cultural Impact

The Haystacks series revolutionized the understanding of what a painting could be—not a fixed representation of a stable world but a record of the perpetual flux of light and perception.

Why It Matters

This painting of a single haystack captures a moment of light that lasted only a few minutes, preserved forever through Monet's extraordinary ability to translate visual sensation into pigment.