Daisies

Description

Henri Matisse titled this composition after the prominent vase of flowers on a tabletop. The large fields of unmodulated black, blue, and red reflect the artist’s growing interest in abstraction and a formal effect that he termed “ballast,” a synonym for stability.

Painted only months before France declared war on Germany, Daisies was first owned by the influential modern art dealer Paul Rosenberg (1881–1959). Within a year of purchasing the painting, Rosenberg, among other Jewish dealers, was targeted by the Nazis and was forced to flee France. Daisies was seized along with the majority of Rosenberg’s collection. Only after the war ended and a portion of these works were recuperated by the US Army was Rosenberg able to reclaim some of his collection, including this piece, which he brought to his newly founded gallery in New York.

Provenance

Paul Rosenberg (1881–1959), Paris and Bordeaux [Cultural Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg: Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume, Paul Rosenberg Collection, ERR inventory no. PR 25; photocopy in curatorial object file]. Confiscated by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), German Embassy, Paris [ERR inventory card mentioned above]. Transferred to the Musée du Louvre, Paris, Nov. 1940 [ERR database mentioned above]; transferred to the Jeu de Paume, Paris, from Sep. 5, 1941 [ERR inventory card mentioned above]. Restituted to Paul Rosenberg, New York, by Nov. 1, 1945 [Edsel and Witter 2009; email from Nicholas Smith, Victoria and Albert Museum Archive, Aug. 18, 2011; photocopy in curatorial object file]; sold to Helen Pauling Donnelley (Aug. 28, 1896–Sep. 3, 1984), Chicago and Sausalito, Calif., by Feb. 15, 1952 [Letters from Paul Rosenberg & Co. to Mrs. H. P. Donnelley, Feb. 15 and Feb. 26, 1952, MoMA, Paul Rosenberg Archives, II.H.7]; given to the Art Institute of Chicago, Apr. 18, 1983.

Daisies

Henri Matisse

1939

Accession Number

100226

Medium

Oil on canvas

Dimensions

92 × 65 cm (36 3/16 × 25 5/8 in.)

Classification

Painting

Museum

The Art Institute of Chicago

Chicago, United States

Credit Line

Gift of Helen Pauling Donnelley in memory of her parents, Mary Fredericka and Edward George Pauling

Background & Context

Background Story

"Daisies" is a 1939 oil on canvas by Henri Matisse that demonstrates the French master's continued engagement with the still life subject during the period of his most coloristically refined and compositionally elegant production, the image showing daisies rendered with the same flat, luminous color and graceful simplification that characterized his entire mature career. The composition is a medium-large canvas—92 × 65 centimeters—showing daisies with the oil on canvas creating a surface of extraordinary freshness and floral luminosity. The 1939 date places this work in the period of Matisse's most mature still life production, when he was producing the paintings that expressed his lifelong commitment to the beauty of color and the joy of visual experience. Art historians have connected this painting to the broader tradition of the flower painting in French art, from the paintings of Manet to the watercolors of the period, noting that Matisse's treatment is more focused on the coloristic luminosity and the compositional elegance, the transformation of natural beauty into chromatic celebration, than the botanical accuracy or the symbolic content of these other traditions.

Cultural Impact

This 1939 oil canvas made daisies luminously fresh through medium-large 92cm flat luminous color and graceful floral simplification, using mature still-life production to transform natural beauty into chromatic joy celebration beyond Manet botanical symbolic accuracy.

Why It Matters

It matters because Matisse painted some daisies and made the canvas feel like it was smiling at the simple fact of being alive—proving that even a weed could be a festival if the color was joyful enough.